How to evaluate the alfalfa stand: It has proven to be preferable to use stem density per square foot, rather than plants per square foot, to evaluate the stand. If the stem density is greater than 55 stems per square foot, yield has not been limited. If the stem density is between 40 and 55 the yield potential has been limited. Stem densities of less than 40 per square foot may severely limit yield and you should consider replacing the stand. Alfalfa plants that have frost heaved will not survive long, but one or more cuttings may be salvaged, depending on extent of injury. Count affected plants as lost to the stand.

Managing a winter injured alfalfa stand: Allow plants to mature to early, mid or full bloom will help the plants restore carbohydrates for continued production. Severely winter injured stands should be cut at full bloom. Stands with less injury could be harvested earlier depending on the extent of the injury.

Increase cutting height – This is particularly important when allowing plants to flower before cutting. Cutting high can also help salvage one or more cuttings of frost heaved alfalfa, in order to avoid damage to the elevated crown.

Fertilize – Soil test and apply needed fertilizer prior to first cutting if possible.

Weed control – Herbicide applications to control weed competition will help the stand by eliminating weeds that compete for moisture, light and nutrients.

No late fall cutting – If the producer intends to keep the alfalfa stand for 2015 then he should not take a cutting after September 1, 2014 to allow for the buildup of food reserves prior to winter.